This paper uses stochastic simulations on calibrated models to assess the optimal degree of reliance on funded pensions … importance of PAYG pensions differs. We estimate how the optimal level of unfunded, state pensions depends on rate of return and …

United Kingdom and the rest of Europe. How governments respond to shifts in saving and in the burden of state pensions is …

of unfunded state pensions differs. We estimate how the optimal level of unfunded state pensions depends on rate of … is rapid and unfunded pensions are currently generous. …

might be direct gainers, and which losers, from a transition to funded state pensions. We estimate what the structure of …

expenditure. We find support for these predictions in three field experiments that randomly assign reminders to new savings …

Evidence on the effectiveness of financial education and formal savings account access is lacking, particularly for … shows the education plus account treatment increases bank savings relative to account-only. But survey-measured total … savings shows roughly equal increases across all treatment arms. Earned income also increases in all treatment arms. We find …

women. Here, using a randomized controlled trial, we examine whether access to an individually-held commitment savings …