implementation in the EU are determined. We find that (1) implemented budgetary adjustment falls systematically short of planned …

The paper analyses the proposal to create a hard core of EU countries committed to deeper and faster integration by … the whole EU, Japan and the United States. The second uses principal component and cluster analyses to investigate whether … these five countries represent a homogenous grouping vis-à-vis the other EU members. …

The EU faces challenges in reforming the Gas and Electricity Directives to implement the single market in electricity …

We analyze the extent to which the EU-15 and 16 transition economies used the WTO General Agreement on Trade in … as assessed by the private sector. In part this can be explained by the fact that the prospect of EU accession makes GATS … less relevant as a commitment device for a subset of transition economies. However, for many of the non-EU accession …

> the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA). First, is there evidence from the past that … EU membership contribute to, or slow this past trend for increasing economic integration across regions as well as within …

well as between fiscal policy of the EU countries and the other OECD countries. In particular, the EU countries react in a …-cyclical. However, ex ante fiscal policy is a-cyclical for the EU countries and counter-cyclical for the other countries. …

In this paper, we evaluate the impact of Turkey's membership on EU voting. The aspects that we discuss are decision …-making efficiency and the distribution of power in the EU's leading decision making body the Council of Ministers. We compare two …

of EU regional initiative. …