Conventional wisdom depicts corruption as a tax on incumbent firms. This paper challenges this view in two ways. First …, by arguing that corruption matters not so much because of the value of the bribe ("tax"), but because of another less … studied feature of corruption, namely bribe unavoidability. Second, we argue that the social costs of corruption arise not …

corruption, weaker property rights and especially intellectual property rights, and a larger state on entrepreneurs who plan to …

enforcers - on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions such as corruption, manager-auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is … properly designed - leniency may simultaneously provide an effective governance mechanism for occasional sequential illegal …

reduce corruption. Overall, the judiciary and the police are by far the most corrupt institutions. …

are desperate, vulnerable, or demanding services particularly prone to corruption. The effect is strongest for bribery of …

the fact that increases in import openness do indeed cause reductions in corruption, a crucial aspect of governance. The …Globalization, governance and economic performance affect each other in very complex mutual relationships. In this … Paper, we establish a clear and well-circumscribed hypothesis: ‘Is there an effect of globalization on governance?’ To test …