effect on income. However, in Africa rugged terrain afforded protection to those being raided by slave traders. Since the … slave trade retarded subsequent economic development, in Africa ruggedness also has had a historical indirect positive … Africa the indirect positive effect dominates the direct negative effect. Looking within Africa, we provide evidence that the …

Africa and Latin America secured their independence from European colonial rule a century and half apart: most of Latin … America after 1820 and most of Africa after 1960. Despite the distance in time and space, they share important similarities … about a half-century (lost decades). The parallels suggest that Africa might be exiting from a period of post …

for sub-Saharan Africa becomes less significant in a cross section of 98 countries after controlling for colonial …

This essay investigates the determinants of the growth performance of Africa. I start by illustrating a broader … institutional development. After reporting results from standard growth regressions, I analyze the role of Africa’s peculiar history … influence, in and out of Africa, of the slave trades. The essay ends with critical conclusions and suggestions for further …

-specific pre-colonial institutions in shaping comparative regional development in Africa. We utilize information on the spatial …

Long-run trends in Africa’s well-being are provided on the basis of a new index of human development, alternative to … experienced in other developing regions. Within Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa has fallen steadily behind the North since mid-20th …