and consumption go down as well. Governments can offset terror by putting tax revenues into the production of security …

We examine a stark setting in which security or protection can be provided by self-governing groups of by for …-term viability. Typically, in providing security the stable market structure involves competing lords, a condition that leads to a … lower than in the absence of a state. …

What is the impact of terrorism on trade through higher security at the borders? We set up a theory which shows that … terrorism acts and make security measures more costly for total welfare. In order to identify the true impact of terrorism, our … current security measures at the borders. Our tests suggest that terrorist incidents have a small effect on US imports on …

In this paper, we study the impact of transnational terrorism diffusion on security and trade. We set up a simple … trade. The idea is that security measures, which impede trade, are directed both against the source country of terror and … could benefit from an increase in security by trading more. Taken to the test, we empirically document these predictions. We …

Security threats have moved neighbouring countries to form regional integration arrangements (RIAs), including the … that an RIA – together with domestic taxes – is an optimal response to security concerns among neighbouring countries. It …

part of the paper’s motivating evidence we also uncover a new fact: in both international and cross-state U.S. data, there …

emissions related to transport are of smaller magnitude, roughly 3% in both periods. In a third exercise, we use linear …

factors – in terms of transport and information – explain behaviour of different components. Previous analyses should be …