, water quality, and health outcomes of Uruguay's nationalization of water services. An important advantage of focusing on … nationalization rather than privatization is that it avoids selection bias due to cherry-picking by firms or governments at the time … of privatization. Indeed, nationalization in Uruguay affected all private firms, as water was declared "part of the …

nationalization is inefficient it does occur in equilibrium when oil prices are high. The model's predictions are consistent with the … panel analysis of a comprehensive dataset on nationalizations in the oil industry since 1960. Nationalization is more likely …

This paper investigates whether the new Basel Accord will induce a change in bank lending to emerging markets using a …

two "integration episodes", the development of an economic union between Portugal and its African colonies and the … establishment of democratic socialism since then. The paper contrasts the recent economic experience of Portugal with its neighbour … Spain. The view that EC membership is desirable because it ensures Portugal against dictatorship is also examined and …

When the 1987 general elections brought a durable government to Portugal, the national environment was still … inflationary. Nevertheless, thanks to the efforts of successive ministers of finance/central bank governor pairs, the criteria for … realignment, was more stable in the ERM than when it was inconvertible and the central bank controlled the currency. The …

, economies of scale, and have been heavily protected from international competition in Portugal and Spain. The `costs of non …

economic agents, competition policies are usually included in the legal framework that regulates economic activities. Portugal …