There is controversy about whether geography matters mainly because of its contemporaneous impact on economic outcomes …

We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining income levels around the … world, using recently developed instruments for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of … institutions 'trumps' everything else. Once institutions are controlled for, measures of geography have at best weak direct effects …

poor external geography, poor internal geography, and poor institutional quality contribute in approximately equal measure …

This paper estimates a structural model of economic geography using cross-country data on per capita income, bilateral … by the geography of access to markets and to sources of supply of intermediate inputs. These results are robust to the …

explain why and how geography matters for innovative activity and ultimately for the international comparative advantage. The …

We study the relationship between geography and growth. To do so, we first develop a dynamic spatial growth theory with … realistic geography. We characterize the model and its balanced growth path and propose a methodology to analyze equilibria with … different levels of migration frictions. We bring the model to the data for the whole world economy at a 1º times 1º geographic …