Acemoglu, Daron; Robinson, James A - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2006
We construct a model of simultaneous change and persistence in institutions. The model consists of landowning elites … non-democracy to democracy, alters the distribution of de jure political power, but the elite can intensify their … investments in de facto political power, such as lobbying or the use of paramilitary forces, to partially or fully offset their …