to overall manufacturing, we develop distance-based tests of localization. In contrast to previous studies, our approach …% confidence level, (ii) localization takes place mostly at small scales below 50 kilometres, (iii) the degree of localization is … very skewed, and (iv) industries follow broad sectoral patterns with respect to localization. Depending on the industry …

importantly, unobservable patent specific heterogeneity in the responsiveness of patent location to tax. Our results suggest that … substantial heterogeneity in responses. We simulate the impact of recent reforms that apply a lower tax rate to patent income …, finding that they attract patent income but result in losses in government revenues. …

patent offices in Europe (EPO), Japan (JPO) and the US (USPTO) shows that their operational designs differ substantially: the …This paper develops a methodology to compare the quality of examination services across patent offices. Quality is … defined as the extent to which patent offices comply with their patentability conditions in a transparent way. The methodology …

earnings for a patent grant and for highly-cited patents a longer-lasting premium of 30% in earnings three years later. Similar … medium-term premia accrue to inventors who initially hold the patent rights, although they forego earnings at the time of the …

This paper examines patent protection in an endogenous-growth model. Our aim is two-fold. First, we show how the patent … policies discussed by the recent patent-design literature can influence R&D in the endogenous-growth framework, where the role … of the patent-design literature. In a general-equilibrium model, both incentives to innovate and monopoly distortions …