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Sub-field normalization in the multiplicative case: Average-based citation indicators
Herranz, Neus; Ruiz-Castillo, Javier - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2011
-field normalization procedures for the multiplicative case. We also compute a third indicator that does not correct for differences in …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009399720
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Multiplicative and fractional strategies when journals are assigned to several sub-fields
Herranz, Neus; Ruiz-Castillo, Javier - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2011
paper discusses a multiplicative and a fractional strategy to deal with this situation, and introduces a normalization …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009371466
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The end of the European Paradox
Herranz, Neus; Ruiz-Castillo, Javier - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2011
This paper evaluates the European Paradox according to which Europe plays a leading world role in terms of scientific excellence, measured in terms of the number of publications, but lacks the entrepreneurial capacity of the U.S. to transform this excellent performance into innovation, growth,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009371473
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Improving Nurse Retention in the National Health Service in England: The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Intentions to Quit
Shields, Michael; Ward-Warmedinger, Melanie - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2001
In recent years the British National Health Service (NHS) has experienced an acute shortage of qualified nurses. This has placed issues of recruitment and retention in the profession high on the political agenda. In this Paper, we investigate the determinants of job satisfaction for nurses and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005114261
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Factor Analysis with Large Panels of Volatility Proxies
Ghysels, Eric - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2014
We consider estimating volatility risk factors using large panels of filtered or realized volatilities. The data structure involves three types of asymptotic expansions. There is the cross-section of volatility estimates at each point in time, namely i = 1,…, N observed at dates t = 1,…, T:...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011083764
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Direct and Indirect Network Effects are Equivalent: A Comment on “Direct and Indirect Network Effects: Are They Equivalent?”
Church, Jeffrey; Gandal, Neil - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2012
do not, in the case of indirect network effects, make standardization more likely, but (ii) indirect network effects are … associated with excessive standardization. We show in Clements’ framework that neither of these results are correct …: standardization is more likely as the number of software firms increases and when the type of market equilibrium is unique— there are …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011084429
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Legal Evolution, Contract Evolution, and Standardization
Gennaioli, Nicola; Perotti, Enrico C; Ponzetto, Giacomo AM - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2014
law matures. Contract standardization avoids this cost, statically improving enforcement; but it crowds out innovative …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011084669
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Network Effects, Standardization, and the Internet: What Have We Learned From The DVD Vs. DIVX Battle?
Dranove, David; Gandal, Neil - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 1999
standardization, that is, left alone the market may fail to achieve standardization when it is socially desirable and (2) even if the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005666918
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The Rules of Standard Setting Organizations: An Empirical Analysis
Chiao, Benjamin; Lerner, Josh; Tirole, Jean - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2007
This paper empirically explores standard-setting organizations’ policy choices. Consistent with Lerner-Tirole (2006), we find (a) a negative relationship between the extent to which an SSO is oriented to technology sponsors and the concession level required of sponsors and (b) a positive...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005792070
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Are the Costs of Cleaning Up Eastern Europe Exaggerated? Economic Reform and the Environment
Hughes, Gordon - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 1990
Widespread concern has been expressed that the costs of reducing environmental pollution in Eastern Europe will divert resources that would otherwise be available for industrial modernization. In fact, apart from a number of severely damaged areas, the general level of exposure to major...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005281413