This paper considers the distributional consequences of the reform programme in Russia. Although a small fraction of … the population have gained under the reforms, average real household per capita income has declined significantly with … households at the lower end of the income distribution suffering the greatest fall. Consequently there has been a substantial …

Combining unique data bases on emissions with sectoral output and employment data, we study the sources of the fall in …, an emission-decomposition exercise shows that scale effects are dominated by technique effects working towards a …

The measurement of national income has added greatly to our understanding of economic and social change in Europe over … the past hundred years. But national income analysis does not take full account of changes in welfare and particularly of … been used to adjust national income estimates and shows that they can be supplemented, if not replaced, by measures of …

The paper contributes to the debate on relative levels of living in the early modern world by estimating the income of … and probable range of income growth in Bengal before European colonization. The exercise yields two conclusions, (a …) average income in Bengal was significantly smaller than that in contemporary Western Europe, and (b) there is insufficient …

effect of human capital on national income, but recent calibrated models have argued that most of the link works, in fact …, the other way around. In this paper, therefore, we take a close look as to whether income growth causes schooling from an … exogenous variation in countries' national incomes. We detect a significant causal effect of income growth on various measures …

this is primarily a consequence of rising real per capita income, which more than doubled over the same period. We … investigate this hypothesis empirically by instrumenting for local area income with time-series variation in global oil prices … an increase in income on health expenditures. Our central estimate is an income elasticity of 0.7, with an elasticity of …

This paper presents series on top shares of income and wealth in Spain over the 20th century using personal income and … wealth tax return statistics. Top income shares are highest in the 1930s, fall sharply during the first two decades of the … Franco dictatorship, and have increased slightly since the 1960s, and especially since the mid-1990s. The top 0.01% income …