We show how size-contingent laws can be used to identify the equilibrium and welfare effects of labor regulation. Our … framework incorporates such regulations into the Lucas (1978) model and applies this to France where many labor laws start to …. With flexible wages, the deadweight loss of the regulation is below 1% of GDP, but when wages are downwardly rigid welfare …

Patents are a useful but imperfect reward for innovation. In sectors like pharmaceuticals, where monopoly distortions … seem particularly severe, there is growing international political pressure to identify alternatives to patents that could … lower prices. Innovation prizes and other non-patent rewards are becoming more prevalent in government's innovation policy …

This Paper examines the effect of price competition on innovation, market structure and profitability in R …&D-intensive industries. The theoretical predictions are tested using UK data on the evolution of competition, concentration, innovation …

quickly. Also, the approval delay is likely to decrease as an industry moves from the early stages of an innovation cycle to … later stages. These predictions are in line with the evidence we obtain from a data set of US patents granted in the field …

invention, using data on U.S. patents’ Finnish inventors and the distance to the nearest technical university as an instrument … patents by Finnish inventors. …

sectors (inter-sectoral spillovers), or at the international level. We find that innovation is strongly driven by knowledge … spillovers, especially those occurring at the national level. Wind and solar technologies exhibit distinct innovation … only influential in the case of wind technology. We also find evidence that public R&D stimulates innovation, particularly …