liberalizations correspond to the event of becoming a democracy. Using a difference-in-difference estimation, we ask what are the …

Over the last two centuries, many countries experienced regime transitions toward democracy. We document this … democratic transition over a long time horizon. We use historical time series of income, education and democracy levels from 1870 … to 2000 to explore the economic factors associated with rising levels of democracy. We find that primary schooling, and …

there exists a distribution of resources such that democracy emerges in equilibrium, but there are distributions of … resources for which democracy is infeasible in equilibrium irrespective of the level of development. The model also delivers … results on the stability of democracy with regard to changes in the economic and demographic environment. The results are …

between democracy and institutional quality. …

Regimes controlled by a rich elite often collapse and make way for democracy amidst widespread social unrest. Such … therefore be forced to choose between repression and the most generous concession, a transition to full democracy. …

causes democracy. Existing studies establish a strong cross-country correlation between income and democracy, but do not … country fixed effects removes the statistical association between income per capita and various measures of democracy. We also … on democracy. Furthermore, we reconcile the positive cross-country correlation between income and democracy with the …

level. The evidence supports "development" theories of democracy and growth that highlight the positive impact of … representative institutions on economic activity. They also favour Friedrich Hayek (1960)’s idea that the merits of democracy appear …

magnitude of episodes of mass killing and the levels of development and democracy across countries and over time. Mass killings … appear to be more likely at intermediate levels of income and less likely at very high levels of democracy. However, the … estimated relationship between democracy and probability of mass killings is not linear in the full sample. In the 20th century …

Does democracy promote economic development? We review recent attempts to addresses this question, which exploit the … within-country variation associated with historical transitions in and out of democracy. The answer is positive, but depends … effect of democracy. …