Public agencies rely on two key modes to procure goods and services: auctions and direct negotiations. The relative … passenger railway services in Germany, where regional agencies can use auctions and negotiations to procure regional passenger … legal framework. We first characterize the decisions of the agency in a simple reduced form framework of negotiations and …

post. We show that this is achieved by bilateral negotiations but not by auctions. Negotiations strictly outperforms … if the buyer's bargaining position is sufficiently strong. Moreover, we show that negotiations provide stronger … use of negotiations as a procurement mechanism in private industry. …

-offer negotiations to a model schedule approach that sets ambitious objectives - ideally full national treatment for the major backbone …

negotiations, its increased bargaining power and its eventual incentives to follow the US defections. …

be derived from the recent outcomes of climate negotiations. Even though an equitable sharing of the costs of controlling …