innovation policy in the context of EU economic law (competition policy, intellectual property law, sector regulation). As such … law that moves beyond apparent conflicts and assumes innovation as the starting point. Taking this as the foundation, the … analytical grid to be used to identify ways in which economic law impacts innovation, and second an applied component that …

This paper addresses the relationship between patent protection and investment in the development of new pharmaceutical … Trade Organization, has increased levels of patent protection around the world. Since patents also have the potential to … patent laws and the severity of disease, we test the hypothesis that increased patent protection results in greater drug …

the hypothesis that innovation in pharmaceuticals is becoming more difficult and expensive over time, as costs of …This paper quantifies the relationship between market size and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. We estimate … the elasticity of innovation, as measured by the number of new chemical entities appearing on the market for a given …

measure of innovation alternative to patent count. Unlike the impact on patent count, we do not find that VC investment … impact on patent count at industry level, and this impact is larger than that of R&D expenditures. We confirm that this … and material. Therefore, our finding suggests that, at industry level, VC investment increases the patent propensity but …

We develop a theory of innovation for entry and sale into oligopoly, and show that an invention of higher quality is …

Cross-country variability in regulatory frameworks, industrial policy, physician/pharmacy autonomy, brand … report cross-country comparisons that: (i) focus on 11 therapeutic classes experiencing patent expiration and loss of …

/side e¤ects. Advertising results in the endogenous formation of two consumer groups: brand loyal and non-brand loyal ones. We … advertised. This positive association stems from the higher rents that firms can extract from consumers whose brand loyalty is …