-financial firm and commercial bank before the crisis, but the picture was quite different for large commercial banks States and for … investment banks worldwide. We document the following patterns: a) there was an increase in leverage ratios of investment banks … and financial firms during the early 2000s; b) there was no visible increase for commercial banks and non-financial firms …

firms. Coupled with imperfect competition in the banking sector, this means that banks with chronically high excess reserves …

Many economists argue that the primary economic function of banks is to provide cheap credit, and to facilitate this … function, they advocate the strict protection and enforcement of creditor rights. But banks can serve another important …

transactions, and use savings for the largest transactions. Finally, the paper shows that modeling banks as suppliers of liquidity …

patterns. The paper also suggests an important role for banks in helping predators accumulate, and avoid the disclosure of …

This paper uses a large panel of financial flow data from banks to assess how institutions affect international lending …

In the course of ordinary business, commercial banks frequently encounter entrepreneurs seeking loans for the purpose … relationship between banks and possible optimistic entrepreneurs. We examine this capital market from the stand-point of economic … obtain good rates on future loans. But contrary to the conventional wisdom, competition may lead banks to be insufficiently …