-country dynamic Ricardian model with endogenous innovation and hold-up problems, the value chain consists of two activities …, innovation and production. Entry in the market happens through R&D and entrants face two decisions. The 'location decision … perform innovation and production within the same vertically integrated structure or not. In this framework, the quality of …

observed price patterns. The high volatility results from high uncertainty about the average productivity of a new technology …. Investors learn about this productivity before deciding whether to adopt the technology on a large scale. For technologies that … railroad technology by the late 1850s. …

potential suppliers generate and sell the most suitable innovation. Moreover, procurement by public agencies and large firms … the degree of competition between suppliers, as well as other more practical indirect ways to stimulate innovation. We … discuss the effects of standard setting activities by large, often public, procurers on innovation races. We evaluate how …

, controlling for a patent's position in the new technology cycle, more important innovations would (and should) be approved more … quickly. Also, the approval delay is likely to decrease as an industry moves from the early stages of an innovation cycle to …

The impact of the British government's new proposals for personal portable pensions and of the parallel reduction of …

This paper uses stochastic simulations on calibrated models to assess the optimal degree of reliance on funded pensions … importance of PAYG pensions differs. We estimate how the optimal level of unfunded, state pensions depends on rate of return and …

United Kingdom and the rest of Europe. How governments respond to shifts in saving and in the burden of state pensions is …