innovation policy in the context of EU economic law (competition policy, intellectual property law, sector regulation). As such … law that moves beyond apparent conflicts and assumes innovation as the starting point. Taking this as the foundation, the … analytical grid to be used to identify ways in which economic law impacts innovation, and second an applied component that …

treatments. The TRIPS Agreement, which specifies minimum levels of intellectual property protection for countries in the World … Trade Organization, has increased levels of patent protection around the world. Since patents also have the potential to …

the hypothesis that innovation in pharmaceuticals is becoming more difficult and expensive over time, as costs of …This paper quantifies the relationship between market size and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. We estimate … the elasticity of innovation, as measured by the number of new chemical entities appearing on the market for a given …

pharmaceuticals. We challenge this orthodox view and show, to the contrary, that the pace of innovation often is faster in a world …

creating an internal market for pharmaceuticals can be analysed. In a model of third-degree price discrimination, arbitrage … Market in pharmaceuticals are ambiguous, since a movement from segmented and price-controlled markets towards integrated …