characteristics. The results suggest that institutional differences are important determinants of total factor productivity and that …

Over the last millennium, the clan and the city have been the locus of cooperation in China and Europe respectively … advantage in pursuing collective actions. Moral groups perpetuate due to positive feedbacks between morality, institutions, and …

This Paper examines the relationship between foreign ownership and productivity, paying particular attention to two … productivity than foreign multinationals, but the difference is less stark in the service sector than in the production sector, and …

indirect effects of foreign direct investment on measured firm level productivity depend on a number of firm specific features … higher in the special economic zone aimed at attracting foreign capital to fasten the development of China’s own high tech …

If trade barriers are managed by inefficient institutions, trade liberalization can lead to greater-than-expected gains …-liberalization quota allocation is not based on firm productivity. Removing this misallocation accounts for a substantial share of the … overall productivity gains associated with the quota removal. …

China’s policy-makers argued that WTO accession and the accompanying trade liberalization would have a beneficial … impact on the domestic economy. China’s import tariffs differed tremendously across industry in the earlier years, but … identify the impact of increased import competition on firm performance and its contribution to the significant productivity …

This paper aims to show that culture is an important determinant of the effectiveness of formal democratic institutions … elections. These results support the view that social capital complements democratic institutions such as elections. …

We propose a general theory that explains the extent of the state and accounts for related institutions as byproducts …

-2000 period. Our main conclusion is that race, rather than political institutions and education policies, is the main force …