In the last 20 years, developed countries have struggled with what seemed to be an ever-rising tide of asylum seekers … economic conditions in origin countries shaped worldwide trends in asylum applications? And has the toughening of policy … towards asylum seekers since 2001 reduced the numbers? What policies have been effective and which host countries have been …

, although only among a number of other determinants. For Germany, legal status at entry is important; former refugees and those … migrants who arrive through family reunification are less likely to work full-time; refugees are also less self-employed. Those …

, currently the world’s largest port. Shanghai began direct trade relations with western nations starting in 1843. By 1853 …

-North migration flows is envisaged. This new approach is examined by analysing the causes of asylum migration from developing …

Germany has experienced a substantial influx of German immigrants from Eastern Europe after World War II and expects …

The number of refugees worldwide is now 12 million, up from 3 million in the early 1970s. And the number seeking asylum … World and avoiding floods of unwanted asylum seekers arriving on the doorsteps of the First World. This is an issue that is … in the developed world increased tenfold, from about 50,000 per annum to half a million over the same period. Governments …

-economic endowments or to discrimination. We use the well-known econometric technique, developed by Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973), to … determine the extent of discrimination. As data on earnings are available only for employed, we adopt a two-stage Heckman … Survey (SLFS). The earnings difference decomposition between natives and immigrants reveals that the discrimination effect …

Differences in gender-based labour market discrimination across countries imply that migration may affect husbands and …

countries. Information is available on overall moves (1981–95) and asylum migration (1984–95). The estimation results confirm …