, productivity growth, and product innovation to a larger extent when it targets more competitive sectors and when it is not …

This paper reviews the economic literature on the role of fees in patent systems. Two main research questions are … usually addressed: the impact of patent fees on the behavior of applicants and the question of optimal fees. Studies in the … former group confirm that a range of fees affect the behavior of applicants and suggest that a patent is an inelastic good …

sufficiently better at judging an idea's value and if it is sufficiently more costly to patent low than high value ideas, VCs …-run performance, but also infl ates their acquisition prices, and lowers their acquirers' overall profits. Patent law usefulness …

distorts occupational choice. We study this possibility in the context of a model with horizontal innovation, where the …

We show that when the researcher’s (observable but not contractible) contribution to innovation is crucial, a covenant …

measure of innovation alternative to patent count. Unlike the impact on patent count, we do not find that VC investment … impact on patent count at industry level, and this impact is larger than that of R&D expenditures. We confirm that this … and material. Therefore, our finding suggests that, at industry level, VC investment increases the patent propensity but …

We develop a theory of innovation for entry and sale into oligopoly, and show that an invention of higher quality is …