Charitable donations by private individuals and firms can help fund the Millennium Development Goals. What are the prospects for increasing donations for international development, whether from small-scale donors, the super-rich (as in the recent gifts by Bill Gates and Ted Turner), or the...

Fixed costs that are not sunk do not translate into entry barriers against for-profit competitors. We show that in the case of non-commercial, not- for-profit providers, the presence of fixed costs may protect the position of an inefficient incumbent. In these situations, successfully contesting...