followed the first period of output decline in two transition countries – Poland and Russia. They represent two different … than in Poland, and recovery came later. Unlike in the leading transition countries, the role of new private firms and FDI … excessive welfare state can be considered as the main development burden in the case of Poland. In both analyzed countries …

devoted to such issues of relevance as the ownership structure of privatized companies in Poland and how it changed over the …

briefly on developments in Poland. …

The paper discusses four IMF-supported adjustment programs of Poland, 1990-1995, and two of Russia, 1992-1994, in terms … assistance. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the IMF-supported adjustment programs of Poland and Russia in terms … of the broad policy objectives, common and separate, of the authorities of Poland, Russia and the two Bretton Woods …

Recently several countries, including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia, have at least … partially reversed their earlier moves towards compulsory defined-contribution schemes. This paper concentrates on Poland, which … sharply relative to those of working-age population. Partially reversing pension reform will also cost Poland in terms of risk …

from central government or the European Union. Moreover, in Poland, grants for investment in new machinery and equipment … the main existing instruments of financial support for innovation in Turkey and Poland, and secondly to assess their … Survey (CIS). Comparing Turkey to Poland is both meaningful and promising from a policy-analysis point of view. Both …

The paper examines economic and political challenges of joining the euro area in the case of Poland. After reviewing …