exam score and national exam score. We then define a teacher bias measure at the class level by the difference between boys … teacher bias measure based on multiple classes, and to estimate the effect for later cohorts' performance. We find a very high … correlation of within-teacher gender biases measured in different classes, which reveals high persistency in teachers' gender …

. Most of this research focuses on the impact of teacher salaries, experience, and measures of teachers' pre-service training … paper, we estimate the effect of in-service teacher training on children's reading and mathematics achievement in Jerusalem … implemented on a smaller scale. The estimates for non-religious schools suggest that, at least in this case, teacher training …

, on average, better paid, and more likely to come from outstanding schools. The takeover also induces teacher sorting …

A recent critique of using teachers' test score value-added (TVA) is that teacher quality is multifaceted; some …