This paper estimates the effect of the individual incentives teachers face in a teacher-based value-added merit pay … teacher-student linked data, we test this prediction employing a method akin to the bunching estimator of Saez (2010 …

replacing expensive experienced teachers with lower-cost newer teachers. Combined with the aging of the teacher workforce, these …-scale teacher retirements on student achievement. We find the program did not reduce test scores; likely, it increased them, with …

students in a grade-subject enrolled in a teacher's classes as a proxy for incentive strength since, as the teacher share … increases, a teacher's impact on the probability of award receipt rises. We find that student achievement improves when a … teacher becomes responsible for more students post program implementation: mean effects are between 0.01 and 0.02 standard …