This paper proposes a new methodology for estimating teacher value-added. Rather than imposing a normality assumption … on unobserved teacher quality (as in the standard empirical Bayes approach), our nonparametric estimator permits the … nonparametric approach in practice using two separate large-scale administrative data sets, we find the estimated teacher value …

a flexible teacher effort-choice model. Both the model and parameter estimates are necessary components in our …

This paper documents a new empirical regularity: teacher value-added increases within-teacher when accountability … incentives are strengthened. That finding motivates a strategy to separate value-added into incentive-varying teacher effort and … incentive-invariant teacher ability, combining rich longitudinal data with exogenous incentive-policy variation. Our estimates …