Clusters are considered an adequate tool for development by governments and international organizations. Existing … clusters in Asia, we highlight significant industrial differences in the relative importance of the cluster soft and hard …

(education and training) when designing and implementing innovation policies. With this approach, the paper aims at filling the … gap between the existing literature on competences on the one hand, and the real world of innovation policy-making on the … competence-building in the innovation process from a perspective of innovation systems; it examines how governments and public …

-based, comprehensive, etc) innovation policies, have abandoned the linear view by learning from innovation research. The division between …The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this article, with discussions of what it is, why it is … relevant, and how it can be implemented to enhance product innovation. It is shown that the innovation systems approach has …