(education and training) when designing and implementing innovation policies. With this approach, the paper aims at filling the … gap between the existing literature on competences on the one hand, and the real world of innovation policy-making on the … competence-building in the innovation process from a perspective of innovation systems; it examines how governments and public …

The purpose of this article is to discuss the different types of instruments of innovation policy, to examine how … and design of the instruments in relation to the formulation of innovation policy. The article argues that innovation … policy instruments must be designed and combined into mixes in ways that address the problems of the innovation system. These …

-based, comprehensive, etc) innovation policies, have abandoned the linear view by learning from innovation research. The division between …The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this article, with discussions of what it is, why it is … relevant, and how it can be implemented to enhance product innovation. It is shown that the innovation systems approach has …

plagued by low pay-off in relation to very high investments in R&D and innovation efforts. Using new data, we show that this … related to the Swedish paradox. We take account of the history of innovation policy in Sweden and – on the basis of the …

innovation and to mitigate grand challenges. One of the main motivations for the support of Pre-Commercial Procurement schemes … was to use public needs as a driver for innovation. This concept was also introduced as a response to the need to … reinforce the innovation capabilities of the EU, while improving the quality and efficiency of public services. However, there …

defend their monopoly position and prevent innovation and entry of high-quality competitors. This requires that the incumbent … quality upgrade related to innovation. Consistently with our empirical findings, the model delivers a negative association …

The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this paper, and it is discussed what it is, why it is … relevant and how it can be implemented. One of the main conclusions is that the innovation policies in European countries are … still linear (and not holistic), in spite of the fact that the linear view has been completely abandoned by innovation …

plagued by low pay-off in relation to very high investments in R&D and innovation efforts. Using new data, we show that this … related to the Swedish paradox. We take account of the history of innovation policy in Sweden and – on the basis of the …

We empirically investigate whether the persistence of politicians in political institutions affects the innovation …’ innovation activity. However, once the causal effect is isolated by means of instrumental variables, using death of politicians … persistence and the probability of process innovation. This finding is consistent with the view that political stability may …