(education and training) when designing and implementing innovation policies. With this approach, the paper aims at filling the … gap between the existing literature on competences on the one hand, and the real world of innovation policy-making on the … competence-building in the innovation process from a perspective of innovation systems; it examines how governments and public …

The purpose of this article is to discuss the different types of instruments of innovation policy, to examine how … and design of the instruments in relation to the formulation of innovation policy. The article argues that innovation … policy instruments must be designed and combined into mixes in ways that address the problems of the innovation system. These …

We develop a theory of innovation for entry and sale into oligopoly, and show that inventions of higher quality are …

-based, comprehensive, etc) innovation policies, have abandoned the linear view by learning from innovation research. The division between …The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this article, with discussions of what it is, why it is … relevant, and how it can be implemented to enhance product innovation. It is shown that the innovation systems approach has …

plagued by low pay-off in relation to very high investments in R&D and innovation efforts. Using new data, we show that this … related to the Swedish paradox. We take account of the history of innovation policy in Sweden and – on the basis of the …

innovation and to mitigate grand challenges. One of the main motivations for the support of Pre-Commercial Procurement schemes … was to use public needs as a driver for innovation. This concept was also introduced as a response to the need to … reinforce the innovation capabilities of the EU, while improving the quality and efficiency of public services. However, there …

The concept of a holistic innovation policy is defined in this paper, and it is discussed what it is, why it is … relevant and how it can be implemented. One of the main conclusions is that the innovation policies in European countries are … still linear (and not holistic), in spite of the fact that the linear view has been completely abandoned by innovation …

plagued by low pay-off in relation to very high investments in R&D and innovation efforts. Using new data, we show that this … related to the Swedish paradox. We take account of the history of innovation policy in Sweden and – on the basis of the …

-return characteristics of the selected innovation project and the mode of commercialization chosen by entrepreneurs (market entry versus sale …