The present complexity approach is based on two assumptions: A1: measurability of deviations of outcomes with respect to reference values; A2 : extension of A1 to multi-set analysis. Complexity is then defined in terms of multi-set deviation compared to single-set ones; an interpretation is...

The flexibility of neural networks to handle complex data patterns of economic variables is well known. In this survey we present a brief introduction to a neural network and focus on two aspects of its flexibility . First, a neural network is used to recover the dynamic properties of a...