, the Russian Federation and Ukraine) that did not sign an FTA. Besides, we show that trade growth after the FTA agreement … with the EU was signed exceeded trade growth of the control group of countries which did not become members. …

We make use of a bootstrap panel analysis of causality between energy use and economic growth for a sample of sixteen … African countries over the period 1988-2010. Our results show that growth and energy use are strongly linked in Africa …. However, African countries are heterogeneous and there is no “one way” recommendation about energy-growth relationship that …

hypothesis. Thus, our findings suggest that not all MENA countries need to sacrifice economic growth to decrease their emission … growth. …

This paper examines the causality relationship between immigration, unemployment and economic growth of the host … (France, Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom), growth positively causes immigration, whereas in any country, immigration … does not cause growth. …

include an additional dimension of public policy, namely education funding. Indeed, the productivity growth of future workers …

that growth can be enhanced by the introduction of pay-as-you-go pensions even if the growth rate of aggregate wages falls … redistributive. This means that if a flat benefit PAYG pension system is in place then the economy will achieve the highest growth …