Afonso, António; Rault, Christophe - CESifo - 2009
, we study the causality between government spending and revenue for the EU in the period 1960-2006. We find spend-and-tax … causality for Italy, France, Spain, Greece, and Portugal, while tax-and-spend evidence is present for Germany, Belgium, Austria … spend-and-tax strategy, implying adjustments of fiscal behaviour. …