The paper examines the timing of exit from the interwar gold-exchange standard for a panel of European countries, based on monthly data over the period January 1928 - December 1936. I show that exit from gold can be understood in terms of a trade-off between a limited set of factors commonly...

Settlement-delivery (S&D) operations of CSDs or ICSDs are the second last stage of the securities treatment procedure, the last stage being the delivery of securities into the accounts of the final holders by their account managers/custodians. As for national transfers, the organisation is...

Les dépositaires centraux (CSD) remplissent deux fonctions dans un cadre national : la conservation ultime de titres et l'administration des systèmes de règlement livraison. Or, le passage d'une espace nationale à un espace domestique européen, met en évidence des surcapacités et des...