violates IPR cannot legally export in a country that enforces them. Moreover free-riders cannot prevent others to copy their …

such disparities are increasing, partly as a consequence of the uneven impact of trade openness and globalization. While …The UNU-WIDER project on 'Spatial Disparities in Human Development' has collected and analyzed evidence on the extent …

firm will export or import. Foreign ownership has a large positive impact on the likelihood to engage in direct trade but a … ownership and access to external finance affect the likelihood of manufacturers in emerging markets to export and/or import … negative effect on the likelihood to trade through intermediaries; the effects vary across upper and lower middle income …

exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any product … does not prove) the existence of counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United …

Various development objectives are worthy, but to my mind, one objective dominates all others: reducing the scourge of …

-Eisenlohr (forthcoming), this allows firms in international trade to optimally trade-off differences in financing costs and enforcement …