This note reflects macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts presented with the April 2009 World Economic Outlook, as well as …

This paper proposes an integrated and risk-based approach to the sequencing and coordination of reforms to develop … and risk-mitigation measures is proposed to minimize both macroeconomic and financial risks. Capital account opening can …. The paper also argues that domestic institutional investors are critical to market development and risk mitigation. …

by other countries, the paper also discusses options for international coordination to address the risk of mutually …

Benin remains at moderate risk of external debt distress. The rating is unchanged from the previous November 2018 DSA … to total public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt (external plus domestic), the overall risk of debt distress remains …

to upgrade the risk rating. Debt should be further reduced and kept at levels needed to withstand the existing …

An updated joint assessment of Rwanda's debt sustainability suggests continued low risk of external debt distress …. External debt burden indicators remain below risk thresholds, except for a short and temporary breach of debt service … indicators in 2023, when the Eurobond issued in 2013 matures. The main risk to debt sustainability--and macroeconomic stability …

Togo's risk of external debt distress continues to be moderate, while the overall risk of debt distress is high … low risk of external debt distress, judgment was applied given vulnerabilities arising from high domestic debt, which …

The updated DSA suggests that the external risk of debt distress for Vanuatu remains moderate with limited space to … publicly guaranteed (PPG) external debt-to-GDP ratio to breach the threshold from 2024 onwards. The overall risk of debt …

Niger's risk of external and overall public debt distress is rated "moderate" as in the previous DSA. While all …