system supervision and regulation, and the financial infrastructure for managing systemic risk in EMU …

by other countries, the paper also discusses options for international coordination to address the risk of mutually …

Benin remains at moderate risk of external debt distress. The rating is unchanged from the previous November 2018 DSA … to total public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt (external plus domestic), the overall risk of debt distress remains …

to upgrade the risk rating. Debt should be further reduced and kept at levels needed to withstand the existing …

An updated joint assessment of Rwanda's debt sustainability suggests continued low risk of external debt distress …. External debt burden indicators remain below risk thresholds, except for a short and temporary breach of debt service … indicators in 2023, when the Eurobond issued in 2013 matures. The main risk to debt sustainability--and macroeconomic stability …

Togo's risk of external debt distress continues to be moderate, while the overall risk of debt distress is high … low risk of external debt distress, judgment was applied given vulnerabilities arising from high domestic debt, which …

The updated DSA suggests that the external risk of debt distress for Vanuatu remains moderate with limited space to … publicly guaranteed (PPG) external debt-to-GDP ratio to breach the threshold from 2024 onwards. The overall risk of debt …

Niger's risk of external and overall public debt distress is rated "moderate" as in the previous DSA. While all …