the rising differential is due to "trade" -shorthand for greater openness in global markets and/or greater participation …

Natural resources account for 20% of world trade, and dominate the exports of many countries. Policy is used to … (equivalent to trade taxes if no domestic production is possible). We review the literature, and argue that the policy equilibrium …

increased bilateral trade and foreign direct investment flows and also from enhanced cohesion of negotiating positions in … international fora. Data presented show bilateral trade between Brazil and China surging after 2001 and China is now Brazil … the two countries has also significantly increased in recent years. Projections of future trade flows using current growth …

should respond to this, including increased use and improvement of programs of trade adjustment assistance. …

We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade (openness) on interregional inequality within … on weighted trade shares and trade costs. In addition to the standard trade-to-GDP ratio, we derive and propose an … aggregate freeness-of-trade measure based on phiness of trade. Both measures are instrumented by proxies constructed from …

trade can be interpreted under certain assumptions as indicating the nature of the factor price adjustments that can, in a … specified sense, be attributed to that trade. This paper elaborates on the sense in which this result says anything about the … factor market effects of trade. It also examines several of the assumptions that were used by Deardorff and Staiger to …

fragmentation into simple theoretical models of international trade, the paper finds the effects of fragmentation on national … welfare, on patterns of specialization and trade, and on factor prices. Models examined include the Ricardian Model and the … terms of trade against it. 3. Even in a country that gains from fragmentation, it is possible (but not necessary) that some …