international trade, self-enforcing - or stable - IEAs may comprise up to 60% of all countries (Eichner and Pethig 2013). But these … coalitions are Stackelberg leaders and set tariffs in addition to their cap-and-trade schemes. Surprisingly, these smaller IEAs …

We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade (openness) on interregional inequality within … on weighted trade shares and trade costs. In addition to the standard trade-to-GDP ratio, we derive and propose an … aggregate freeness-of-trade measure based on phiness of trade. Both measures are instrumented by proxies constructed from …

We develop a heterogeneous-firms model with trade in goods, labor mobility and credit constraints due to moral hazard … trade liberalization. While the former leads to more dispersion of economic activity across space, the latter tends to drive …

on the volume of intermediate goods trade and the number of varieties produced are mutually reinforcing, resulting in a …

regional inequality. Geography, mobility and trade openness are also highly important. …

international investment and trade in goods and services related to renewable energy has been rapid, but it has not always been …-dumping duties, in response to some countries‘ policies on the grounds that they distort trade. Against this background, this paper … to promote renewable energy, focusing on those that might have implications for trade — both those that are likely to …

with this intermittency problem. Cross-border trade in electricity appears to be one of them since it enables countries to … examination of the European electricity market confirm the importance of cross-border electricity trade in increasing the … operations and exerting downward pressure on wholesale electricity prices. The positive contribution that cross-border trade in …

drives international trade in environmental goods. Many of the measures governments adopt to address issues such as local air … pollution, with important implications for international trade in such equipment. The different indicators of regulatory …-waste management or wastewater treatment. While increased trade in environmental products is not an end in itself, the environmental …