region that applies tariffs. Substantial differences in the levels of innovation, consumption, output, and utility can appear …

the period 1980q1-2011q4. That is, income is more often found to predict consumption and saving than the converse. Our … consumption and by exploring the direction of Granger causality between the two series. We also give evidence that house price … changes played a role in the US income and consumption dynamics, before, during and after the Great Recession. …

consumption, aggregate wealth, and labour income should predict both stock returns and housing returns. We use quarterly data for … temporarily allow consumption to rise. Regarding housing returns, if housing assets are complementary to stocks, then investors … their consumption. …

deviations from the common trend among consumption, aggregate wealth, and labour income, cay, and focus on the implications for … future stock returns to be higher, they will temporarily allow consumption to rise. Regarding housing returns, if housing … substitutes consumption will be temporarily reduced. …

and improve the fiscal system. A monetary union, however, has ambiguous effects. I find that there is convergence between …