manipulate both international and domestic prices of resources, yet this policy is largely outside the disciplines of the WTO …. The instruments used include export taxes, price controls, production quotas, and domestic producer and consumer taxes …

This paper studies the relationship between export policy and food prices. We show that, when individuals are loss … complementarity between the price of food in international markets and export policy. Specifically, unilateral actions by exporting …, governments respond by imposing export restrictions (subsidies), thus exacerbating the initial shock and soliciting further export …

WTO negotiations deal predominantly with bound - besides applied - tariff rates. But, how can reductions in tariffs … formalizes the underlying interaction of risk, fixed export costs and firms’ market entry decisions based on techniques known …

endogenous, the LNG export benefit can drop by as much as 20-50% relative to the case of exogenous cost. …

OPEC members, which lie in the range of 45 to 125 years. For Indonesia, whose share of oil income in GDP has been declining …

Does trade openness cause higher GDP per capita? Since the seminal instrumental variables (IV) estimates of Frankel and …