WTO negotiations deal predominantly with bound - besides applied - tariff rates. But, how can reductions in tariffs … formalizes the underlying interaction of risk, fixed export costs and firms’ market entry decisions based on techniques known …

manipulate both international and domestic prices of resources, yet this policy is largely outside the disciplines of the WTO …. The instruments used include export taxes, price controls, production quotas, and domestic producer and consumer taxes …

This paper studies the relationship between export policy and food prices. We show that, when individuals are loss … complementarity between the price of food in international markets and export policy. Specifically, unilateral actions by exporting …, governments respond by imposing export restrictions (subsidies), thus exacerbating the initial shock and soliciting further export …

endogenous, the LNG export benefit can drop by as much as 20-50% relative to the case of exogenous cost. …

growth, and find that it has a robust negative effect on GDP growth. This link coexists with the negative link between …

for a country’s gdp per capita. Apart from a country’s own institutions, institutions in neighboring countries turn out to …

relative to the US helps to explain relative per capita GDP levels. The empirical work relies upon some direct measures of … product variety calculated from 6-digit OECD export and import data. A lthough the issue is still far from being settled, the …

terms, undermining the profitability of other export industries, and of local industries competing with imports by …