economic development. According to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis this relationship may be described by an … inverted-U curve. However, recent evidence rejects the EKC hypothesis for GHG emissions in a broad sense. In this paper we aim … to investigate whether the EKC behavior for CO2 emissions could be proved on the behalf of institutional regulations. We …

, although the estimated long-run coefficients of income and its square satisfy the EKC hypothesis in most studied countries, the … turning points are very low in some cases and very high in other cases, hence providing poor evidence in support of the EKC …

Kuznets curve (EKC) literature. But related hypotheses, performance measures and results continue to present a challenge. The … present paper contributes to this ongoing literature by studying two different EKC specifications for 10 Middle East and North … African (MENA) countries over the period 1990–2010 using panel data methods. For the first specification, namely EKC, we show …