This paper traces the 11,000 year evolution of infrastructure systems during major periods of innovation, expansion and … innovation cycles, stressing that only an evolutionary, multi-disciplinary, systems approach embracing technology, finance, and … millennia, although at times it has been pivotal in bringing innovation, taking risks and driving efficiency. It is argued that …

, geography has also affected colonization policies and, therefore, institutional outcomes. Using non-colonized countries as a …

There is a well-known debate about the roles of geography versus institutions in explaining the long-term development … heterogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and endogeneity cannot easily be controlled for. The innovation of Acemoglu, Johnson and … Robinson (2001) was to address this last point by using settler mortality as an instrument for geography-induced endogenous …

Despite remarkable growth during the last decade, Asia and the Pacific still faces extensive basic infrastructure needs … region needs to enhance its connectivity through developing transport infrastructure at the national and regional level to … infrastructure will have profound implications on environment and climate change at the national, regional and global levels as well …

economic growth in East Asia. Developed Asia produces technology-intensive intermediate goods and capital goods and ships them … facilitated by improving connectivity through increased investment in connecting infrastructure such as transport and … technology transfer to domestic firms and how a regional FTA could bring Asian producers and consumers together. Finally, it …

faced and their business environment. The business environment includes physical infrastructure, the availability of an …

Investment in network infrastructure can boost long-term economic growth in OECD countries. Moreover, infrastructure … between infrastructure and economic growth. Time-series results reveal a positive impact of infrastructure investment on … infrastructure investment in telecommunications and the electricity sectors has a robust positive effect on long-term growth (but not …