(EMU) led to lower wage growth and lower unemployment in participating countries. Following Grüner’s model, monetary …. Although we come up with some weak evidence for increased business cycle amplitudes within the EMU, we neither find a … significant general effect of the EMU on wage growth nor on unemployment. …

analysis suggests that, given EMU’s present political-economic set-up, i) the bail-out was unavoidable, ii) the lengthy process … with a future moral hazard problem. Based on our analysis, we suggest that the EMU’s institutional design could be improved … processes as well as the conditions and parameters on which the scope and limits of fiscal redistribution in EMU depends. In …

the Maastricht treaty, the EMU convergence era, and the financial crisis. In detail, we find: (i) Since the 1980s the role … treaty, and again with the wake-up call due to the onset of the financial crisis. (ii) Before the financial crisis EMU member …

policy regime change associated with the start of EMU in 1999. The main findings are as follows. Steady-state inflation and … inflation uncertainty have declined steadily since the inception of EMU, whilst short-run uncertainty has increased, mainly …

policy, where the main features characterising the policy-making are similar to those in EMU. National governments choose the …