violates IPR cannot legally export in a country that enforces them. Moreover free-riders cannot prevent others to copy their …

, strong intraregional trade, and the prospect of accession to the EU. It concludes that the EU’s Member States must give …

Natural resources account for 20% of world trade, and dominate the exports of many countries. Policy is used to …. The instruments used include export taxes, price controls, production quotas, and domestic producer and consumer taxes … (equivalent to trade taxes if no domestic production is possible). We review the literature, and argue that the policy equilibrium …

This paper investigates the economic value of trade when prices of transportation services are endogenous to cross … endogenous, the LNG export benefit can drop by as much as 20-50% relative to the case of exogenous cost. …

Trade finance, particularly in the form of short-term letters of credit has received favourable capital treatment new … created leverage ratio for trade. This paper offers a relatively simple model approach showing the conditions under which the … ratio on trade instruments seems to support the analytical framework developed in this paper. …

the probability of recording new flows. Growth in emerging countries’ exports at the extensive margin of trade has been …

We study the relationship between participation in free trade agreements (FTAs) and the sustainability of democracy …

trade that historically have been addressed largely separately: the (partial) effects on trade of economic integration … of economic integration agreements (EIAs) on members’ trade may be biased upward owing to inadequate control for … intranational trade); we find evidence of this bias using a properly specified gravity equation. Second, our novel methodology …

.S trade preferences. We combine firm level panel data on U.S. foreign affiliate activity from the U.S. Bureau of Economic … Analysis (BEA) with detailed measures of U.S. trade preferences from the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) to create … equations approaches to address the likely endogeneity of export-oriented foreign investment, we find that each $1 billion in U …