in many countries and more needs to be done to make growth more “inclusive”.In the second part we estimate the trend … the growth rates of GDP trend. For Africa as a hole and for most countries we find relatively low trend growth rates until … the mid-nineties. Since then the trend growth rates rose remarkably - for Africa from 2 % to about 5 %. In the last five …

In this paper an Unobserved Components Model is employed to decompose U.S. real GDP into trend and cycle components … the long-run development during the last 50 years can be represented by a segmented linear trend with a break in the drift …

In this paper, an Unobserved Components Model is employed to decompose German real GDP into the trend, cycle and …

with a reliable estimation of the trend component at the end of the data sample. To this end we employ time-varying values … of the flexible penalization the trend component of temperature is still increasing, possibly with a somewhat lower pace. …

empirical and considers the case of Italy, one of the world’s largest debt issuer. We study the potential effects on the …

It is estimated that only 5% of musicians in Italy are regularly employed. In an attempt at understanding such a … musicians and discourages talented agents from becoming full-time musicians in all second-best economies. In Italy both …

We study the empirical relationship between labor taxation and pretax wages in Italy. We find that higher tax …

) inflows into Italy. The incidence of crime has been calculated considering the number of complaints for different crimes. The …