environmental externality. As consequence capital is relocated from the dirty into the clean sectors and reduces global pollution …

production. Pollution, as a force that discourages agglomeration, is caused by domestic production. We show that cities are too … large and too few in number in uncoordinated equilibrium if economic growth implies increasing pollution (‘brown growth …

either mitigate the health consequences of domestic pollution privately or reduce pollution collectively through public … ordinary citizens. The recognition that the health consequences of pollution can be dealt with privately at a cost adds an … private mitigation is feasible, inequality of incomes leads to an unequal distribution of the health burden of pollution (in …