unbundling. The theory predicts that an airline’s fares should fall when it introduces a bag fee, but that the full trip price …This paper provides theory and evidence on airline bag fees, offering insights into a real-world case of product …

variables approach, the paper estimates flight-frequency reaction functions, which relate an airline’s frequency on a route to …This paper investigates strategic interaction among airlines in product-quality choices. Using an instrumental … its own characteristics and to the frequencies of competing airlines. A positive reaction function slope is found in some …

This paper offers the first formal economic analysis of carve-outs under airline antitrust im- munity. Carve-outs are … the hub-to-hub route, welfare may be reduced if the resulting gains are overshadowed by the efficiency loss generated by …

features, and network structure, using a detailed and realistic theoretical model of competing duopoly airlines. These impacts …This paper explores the effect of airline emissions charges on airfares, airline service quality, aircraft design … charges will alter airline choices. The results show that emission charges will raise fares, reduce flight frequency, increase …

This paper explores the effects of a European airline merger followed by a consolidation of two competing international …-KLM and SkyTeam alliances into a single mega-alliance. The results of the analysis show that, although the airlines benefit …

This paper explores the impact of airport noise regulation on airline service quality and airfares. It also … characterizes the socially optimal stringency of noise limits, taking both noise damage and the various costs borne by airlines and …

This paper presents a simple model of airline schedule competition that circumvents the complexities of the spatial …

theory says that the congestion tolls levied on the various airlines at a particular airport should generally be different …

index of smuggling in Iran from 1970 to 2002. The Multiple Indicators - Multiple Causes (MIMIC) econometric modelling is … incentives for illegal trade. More trade openness accompanies more illegal trade for the case of Iran. On average, the relative … size of smuggling is about 13% of the total trade in Iran. The absolute amount of smuggling per year is about $3 billion. …

development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become … especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … provision spending in Iran. The results imply that a shock in positive changes of democratic quality of institutions leads to …