-vote-selling intervention in the Philippines. We model selling one’s vote as a temptation good: it creates positive utility for the future self …. The more effective promise treatment reduces vote-selling in the smallest-stakes election by 10.9 percentage points …

We study the returns to political office using data from Finnish parliamentary elections in 1970-2007 and municipal … elections in 1996-2008. The discontinuity of electoral outcomes in individual candidate votes allows us to estimate the causal …

both the 2007 and 2010 Federal elections, we are struck by the paucity of falsifiable predictions, with most pundits …

and looks. Moreover, we take the moderating effect of the electoral system into account. Using a sample of 196 elections …

between two potential policy outcomes of an election participate in large-scale elections when voting is costly? Using a … is costly and the voter has no monetary stake in the election outcome. In our sample, we observe that at least fourteen … they have no pecuniary interest in the election outcome. …

does not affect re-election prospects. We also find that voters punish politicians who create deficits during elections … their re-election. This paper investigates the impact of electoral manipulation of the level and composition of fiscal … policy on incumbent’s re-election prospects. This impact is estimated for a panel of 21 OECD countries over the period 1972 …