appearance of 1,357 Finnish political candidates. We find that political candidates on the right are better looking in both …

Government or company decisions on whom to hire are mostly delegated to politicians, public sector officials or human …

become less relevant. Different institutions varying from selection by arts councils, bureaucrats or politicians to less …

When politicians have lower discount factors than voters, democratic elections cannot sufficiently motivate politicians … to undertake long-term socially beneficial projects. When politicians can offer incentive contracts which become … politicians’ time preferences. In the non-commitment case, incentive contracts may need to include a golden parachute clause …

We empirically investigate whether the persistence of politicians in political institutions affects the innovation …’ innovation activity. However, once the causal effect is isolated by means of instrumental variables, using death of politicians …-term connections with politicians. …