Civil war is often caused by poverty, and further demolishes existing capital. Such a vicious circle is detrimental for …

exposure to violence substantially increases present bias – choice of the smaller, immediate reward over the larger, later … mitigates the differences in behavior between those who were exposed to violence and those who were not. Our findings suggest … patient choices and mitigate the elevated impulsivity of individuals that have experienced violence. We measure our treatment …

marginal cost of violence always reduces violence, while increasing the indiscriminate fixed cost may backfire and result in …

This paper isolates the causal effect of policing on group violence, using unique panel data on self-reported crime by … soccer and ice hockey hooligans. The problem of reverse causality from violence to policing is solved by two drastic … violence increased dramatically during these periods. …

transfer payments, and poverty and inequality are of greatest concern for less developed recipient countries. …

suitable for application to Africa. The model allows for variation in both the level of contract enforcement (depending on the …